High-Grade Glioma (HGG) represents a collection of aggressive, rapidly-growing brain tumors, with glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma being the most common subtypes. These tumors are characterized by high recurrence rates, resistance to standard treatments, and poor survival outcomes. While HGG primarily affects adults, it can also occur in children, often showing distinct clinical and genetic profiles across different age groups. Standard treatments generally involve surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, but their effectiveness is often limited, emphasizing the need for new, innovative treatment approaches and personalized medicine.

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Epidemiological Segmentation of HGG (2020–2034) – 7MM

• Total Incident Cases
  
  

• Age-specific Incidence
  
  

• Incidence by Major Histological Subtype
  
  

• Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) / Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) Cases
  
  

• Cases with H3 K27M Mutation
  
  

HGG Epidemiology (2023 Highlights)
In 2023, High-Grade Glioma cases were significant in the seven major markets (7MM), with the United States reporting the highest number, approaching 16,200 new cases. Among the EU4 countries and the UK, Germany recorded the most cases, followed by France, while Spain had the fewest. In the US, glioblastoma made up the majority of diagnoses (~13,100 cases), with anaplastic astrocytoma accounting for around 1,600 cases. The disease was much more common in adults than in pediatric populations, consistent with typical age-related distribution patterns.

HGG Market Overview
In 2023, the High-Grade Glioma market across the 7MM was valued at approximately USD 800 million.

Market Growth Drivers

• Advances in immunotherapy and targeted treatments—such as promising drugs like ONC201 and DCVax-L—are improving clinical outcomes.
  
  

• A better understanding of the molecular and genetic factors of HGG (e.g., H3 K27M mutation) is driving the development of precision medicine and more targeted therapies.
  
  

Market Barriers

• The aggressive nature and biological complexity of HGG limit the effectiveness and longevity of current treatments and pose challenges for long-term survival.
  
  

• Slow progress in clinical trials and regulatory barriers continue to delay the approval of emerging therapies.

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Emerging Therapies for HGG

• ONC201
  
  

• AV-GBM-1
  
  

• Enzastaurin
  
  

• DCVax-L
  
  

• Additional pipeline candidates
  
  

Leading Companies in the HGG Landscape

• CHIMERIX
  
  

• AIVITA Biomedical
  
  

• Denovo Biopharma
  
  

• Northwest Therapeutics
  
  

• Orbus Therapeutics
  
  

• TVAX Biomedical
  
  

• Laminar Pharmaceuticals
  
  

• Recursion Pharmaceuticals
  
  

• Vigeo Therapeutics
  
  

• Eli Lilly
  
  

• Incyte Corporation
  
  

• Kazia Therapeutics
  
  

• Biomimetix
  
  

• Medicenna Therapeutics
  
  

• Immunomic Therapeutics
  
  

• Mimivax
  
  

• Oblato
  
  

• CNS Pharmaceuticals
  
  

• Epitope Research Corporation (ERC)
  
  

• IMVAX
  
  

• BeiGene
  
  

• Enterome
  
  

• VBI Vaccines
  
  

• Genenta Science
  
  

• TME Pharma
  
  

• Inovio Pharmaceuticals
  
  

• Istari Oncology

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